diff --git a/array/stable_array.jai b/array/stable_array.jai
index f26c5a0..3fdbfab 100644
--- a/array/stable_array.jai
+++ b/array/stable_array.jai
@@ -6,20 +6,71 @@ Stable_Array :: struct(T: Type, ITEMS_PER_CHUNK := 32) {
    Chunk :: Static_Array(ITEMS_PER_CHUNK, T);
 }
 
+init :: (a: *Stable_Array, allocator: Allocator) {
+   a.allocator        = allocator;
+   a.chunks.allocator = allocator;
+}
+
+append :: (a: *Stable_Array) -> *a.T {
+   chunk := find_or_create_chunk(a, 1);
+   item  := append(chunk);
+   a.count += 1;
+   return item;
+}
+
+append :: (a: *Stable_Array, value: a.T) -> *a.T {
+   chunk := find_or_create_chunk(a, 1);
+   item  := append(chunk, value);
+   a.count += 1;
+   return item;
+}
+
+append :: (a: *Stable_Array, values: ..a.T) -> *a.T {
+   first: *a.T;
+   for values {
+      if first == null {
+         first = inline append(a, it);
+      }
+      else {
+         inline append(a, it);
+      }
+   }
+
+   return first;
+}
+
+reset :: (a: *Stable_Array) {
+   for a.chunks it.count = 0;
+   a.count = 0;
+   a.chunks.count = 0;
+}
+
 operator [] :: (a: Stable_Array, index: int, loc := #caller_location) -> a.T #no_abc {
    b_idx := index / a.ITEMS_PER_CHUNK;
    i_idx := index % a.ITEMS_PER_CHUNK;
-   assert(b_idx < a.chunks.count && i_idx < a.chunks[b_idx].count);
+   meta.check_bounds(b_idx, a.chunks.count, loc = loc);
+   meta.check_bounds(i_idx, a.chunks[b_idx].count, loc = loc);
    return a.chunks[b_idx].items[i_idx];
 }
 
 operator *[] :: (a: *Stable_Array, index: int, loc := #caller_location) -> *a.T #no_abc {
    b_idx := index / a.ITEMS_PER_CHUNK;
    i_idx := index % a.ITEMS_PER_CHUNK;
-   assert(b_idx < a.chunks.count && i_idx < a.chunks[b_idx].count);
+   meta.check_bounds(b_idx, a.chunks.count, loc = loc);
+   meta.check_bounds(i_idx, a.chunks[b_idx].count, loc = loc);
    return *a.chunks[b_idx].items[i_idx];
 }
 
+operator []= :: (a: *Stable_Array, index: int, value: a.T, loc := #caller_location) #no_abc {
+   c_idx := index / a.ITEMS_PER_CHUNK;
+   i_idx := index % a.ITEMS_PER_CHUNK;
+   meta.check_bounds(c_idx, a.chunks.count, loc = loc);
+   meta.check_bounds(i_idx, a.chunks[b_idx].count, loc = loc);
+
+   chunk := a.chunks[c_idx];
+   chunk.items[i_idx] = value;
+}
+
 for_expansion :: (a: Stable_Array, body: Code, flags: For_Flags) #expand {
    for i: 0..a.count - 1 {
       `it       := a[i];
@@ -28,76 +79,38 @@ for_expansion :: (a: Stable_Array, body: Code, flags: For_Flags) #expand {
    }
 }
 
-append :: (a: *Stable_Array) -> *a.T {
-   chunk := get_chunk(a, 1);
-   item  := append(chunk);
-   a.count += 1;
-   return item;
-}
-
-append :: (a: *Stable_Array, value: a.T) -> *a.T {
-   chunk := get_chunk(a, 1);
-   item  := append(chunk, value);
-   a.count += 1;
-   return item;
-}
-
-append :: (a: *Stable_Array, values: ..a.T) -> *a.T {
-   first: *a.T;
-   for values {
-      if first == null {
-         first = append(a, it);
-      }
-      else {
-         append(a, it);
-      }
-   }
-
-   return first;
-}
-
-reset :: (a: *Stable_Array, $keep_memory := true) {
-   #if keep_memory {
-      for a.chunks it.count = 0;
-   }
-   else {
-      for a.chunks mem.release_memory(it,, allocator = a.allocator);
-      mem.release_memory(a.chunks);
-   }
-
-   a.count = 0;
-   a.chunks.count = 0;
-}
-
-
 #scope_file;
 
 mem :: #import "jc/memory";
+meta :: #import "jc/meta";
 
-get_chunk :: (a: *Stable_Array, amount: int) -> *a.Chunk {
+find_or_create_chunk :: (a: *Stable_Array, amount: int) -> *a.Chunk {
    if a.chunks.count == 0 {
-      if a.allocator.proc == null {
-         a.allocator         = context.allocator;
-         a.chunks.allocator = a.allocator;
-      }
-
-      return make_chunk(a);
+      return create_chunk(a);
    }
 
    last := a.chunks[a.chunks.count - 1];
    if amount > a.ITEMS_PER_CHUNK - last.count {
-      last = make_chunk(a);
+      last = create_chunk(a);
    }
 
    return last;
 }
 
-make_chunk :: (a: *Stable_Array) -> *a.Chunk {
+create_chunk :: (a: *Stable_Array) -> *a.Chunk {
+   inline try_lazy_init(a);
+
    chunk := mem.request_memory(a.Chunk,, allocator = a.allocator);
    append(*a.chunks, chunk);
    return chunk;
 }
 
+try_lazy_init :: (a: *Stable_Array) {
+   if a.allocator.proc == null {
+      init(a, context.allocator);
+   }
+}
+
 // #run {
 //    #import "Basic";
 
@@ -107,7 +120,7 @@ make_chunk :: (a: *Stable_Array) -> *a.Chunk {
 //          append(*a, it * it);
 //       }
 
-//       reset(*a, keep_memory = false);
+//       reset(*a);
 
 //       append(*a, 10);
 //       append(*a, 20);
diff --git a/array/static_array.jai b/array/static_array.jai
index 95c3ab3..0ff24a0 100644
--- a/array/static_array.jai
+++ b/array/static_array.jai
@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ Static_Array :: struct(capacity: int, T: Type) {
    Default :: #run mem.default_of(T);
 }
 
-operator [] :: inline (a: Static_Array, index: int, loc := #caller_location) -> a.T #no_abc {
-   assert(index >= 0 && index < a.count, "invalid index: % (max: %)", index, a.count - 1, loc = loc);
+operator [] :: inline (a: Static_Array, $$index: int, loc := #caller_location) -> a.T #no_abc {
+   meta.check_bounds(index, a.count, loc = loc);
    return a.items[index];
 }
 
-operator *[] :: inline (a: *Static_Array, index: int, loc := #caller_location) -> *a.T #no_abc {
-   assert(index >= 0 && index < a.count, "invalid index: % (max: %)", index, a.count - 1, loc = loc);
+operator *[] :: inline (a: *Static_Array, $$index: int, loc := #caller_location) -> *a.T #no_abc {
+   meta.check_bounds(index, a.count, loc = loc);
    return *a.items[index];
 }
 
-operator []= :: inline (a: *Static_Array, index: int, value: a.T, loc := #caller_location) #no_abc {
-   assert(index >= 0 && index < a.capacity, "invalid index: % (max: %)", index, a.count - 1, loc = loc);
+operator []= :: inline (a: *Static_Array, $$index: int, value: a.T, loc := #caller_location) #no_abc {
+   meta.check_bounds(index, a.count, loc = loc);
    a.items[index] = value;
 }
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ for_expansion :: (a: *Static_Array, body: Code, flags: For_Flags) #expand {
    }
 }
 
-append :: inline (a: *Static_Array, item: a.T) -> *a.T {
+append :: inline (a: *Static_Array, item: a.T) -> *a.T #no_abc {
    ensure_array_has_room(a, 1);
    ptr := *a.items[a.count];
    ptr.* = item;
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ append :: inline (a: *Static_Array, item: a.T) -> *a.T {
    return ptr;
 }
 
-append :: inline (a: *Static_Array) -> *a.T {
+append :: inline (a: *Static_Array) -> *a.T #no_abc {
    ensure_array_has_room(a, 1);
    ptr := *a.items[a.count];
    a.count += 1;
    return ptr;
 }
 
-append :: inline (a: *Static_Array, items: ..a.T) -> *a.T {
+append :: inline (a: *Static_Array, items: ..a.T) -> *a.T #no_abc {
    ensure_array_has_room(a, items.count);
    first := *a.items[a.count];
    memcpy(a.items.data + a.count, items.data, items.count * size_of(a.T));
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ append :: inline (a: *Static_Array, items: ..a.T) -> *a.T {
    return first;
 }
 
-reset :: inline (a: *Static_Array, $keep_memory := true) {
-   #if !keep_memory for 0..a.count - 1 a.items[it] = a.Default;
+reset :: inline (a: *Static_Array) #no_abc {
+   for 0..a.count - 1 a.items[it] = a.Default;
    a.count = 0;
 }
 
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ ensure_array_has_room :: (array: *Static_Array, count: int, loc := #caller_locat
 }
 
 mem   :: #import "jc/memory";
+meta  :: #import "jc/meta";
+
 basic :: #import "Basic"; // @future